Predictive Factors for Site of Local and Systemic Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients

Background and aim of the work: Breast cancer is the most common type of
female cancer in Egypt with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this
study is to assess whether clinical characteristics can predict the most probable
site of recurrence
Methods: We retrospectively studied clinic-pathological characteristics of 134
female patients had breast cancer who presented at South Egypt Cancer Institute
(SECI) from January 2015 to December 2022 for association with certain
metastatic sites.
Results: Our data analysis revealed that premenopausal status, low Body Mass
Index (BMI) and high Ki67 can predict higher incidence of bone metastasis.
Nodal involvement and Progesterone Receptor (PR) negativity can predict
higher incidence of lung metastasis. Age younger than 50 years, premenopausal
status and presence of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) component can predict
higher incidence of liver metastasis. Tumor size ≥T3 can predict higher
incidence of brain metastasis. Lastly, larger tumor size ≥ T3, low BMI, ER
negativity, PR negativity and high Ki67 can predict higher chance for
recurrence. Grade III differentiation and PR negativity led to increase of lymph
node metastasis.
Conclusion: Certain clinicopathological characteristics are associated with
specific sites of metastasis, which direct health care providers for meticulous
follow up.